Most developed countries have utilized tax incentive policies for balancing the growth of their macroeconmies since the beginning of their development process. This study has sought to examine the extent of the influence of this policy on the macroeconomy. Taxation on the income of companies is the most prominent tax that influences macroeconomic variables through investment costs and investment level. This study introduces svariables like average tax rate around provinces and Bartik shock as an index for work force demand, and reports an investigation into the role of tax policies like tax exemptions and reliefs on the provincial macroeconomic variables such as company growth, per capita wage rate, house rent rate, and unemployment rate as four different models between 1381 to 1395 using the panel data algorithm. Based on the findings of this study, tax incentives in the form of reduction in the average tax rate in provinces positively influenced the company growth and per capita wage rate but it had no significant effect on the house rents and unemployment rate. This implies that the tax incentive policy has not been able to achieve its goals such as decreasing the unemployment and enhancing the economic conditions in the provinces. The implementation of incentive policies in taxes have not provided the required motivations for the absorbing the investment and convincing the investors for the reestablishment of their corporates in underdeveloped areas with less tax rates. It is recommended to allocate the freed resources form reforming the taxation regulations and decreasing the tax incentives to promote more motivation for production and employment in the underprivileged regions.

Being brittle and having low thermal conductivity, refractories suffer damage and sometimes fail in service as a result of thermal shock. While the approach of those making fine-grained technical ceramics is to make their products sufficiently strong to withstand thermal stresses; the refractory technologist is more cunning. He uses, often little known, devices to provide resistance to thermal shock that minimise but do not eliminate damage to the component. In this paper the basic equations of thermal conduction and elasticity are presented and followed by some immediate results that should guide the designer of components subject to severe thermal environments. The influence of size and shape of the refractory components is then discussed along with ways in which refractory producers can engineer the thermal and mechanical properties. In particular, the methods used to tailor fracture behavior to optimize the thermal shock resistance are treated in some detail.

The increasing number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases in Jember Regency, Indonesia, in 2019 resulted in high mortality. This study aimed to explain the relationship between dengue virus (DENV) serotype and dengue virus infection (DVI) severity and DENV serotype with shock and non-shock manifestations in DVI. This type of study is an experimental laboratory with a retrospective horizontal design. The study population included patients aged 1-65 years old with suspected DVI—the sampling technique used consecutive sums. The study sample consisted of DVI patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were willing to sign informed consent. The extraction made the serological diagnosis of DENV RNA. Serotype determination is performed by isolating virus cultures and checking for DENV serotype detection by RT-PCR in real-time. Data analysis was done using chi-square with STATA 14.0 application. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between the DENV serotypes and incidence and absence of shock in DVI. Still, there is no relationship between DENV serotypes and DVI severity. Serotype DEN-2 (40%) induces shock manifestations on DVI. Conclusion: There was an association between DENV serotype and shock and non-shock manifestations in DVI, but no relationship between DENV serotype and severity of DVI. The government of Jember Regency has taken preventive and specific measures to prevent the area from experiencing increased morbidity and high mortality rates from DVI.

The advent and development of ESWL has revolutionized threatment of Renal and ureteral colculie. However some patients remain who are managed most effectively by ISWL. Here in we describe the use of penumatic Lithoclast in 57 Patient who had unsuccessfully ESWL of lower ureteral calculie and penumatic Lithoclats successt1ly fragmented 100% of them. We describe the cases of ureteral stones who are better managed with ISWL than ESWL.